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Schmitt, Syn

Syn Schmitt

Prof. Dr.

Director
Institute for Modelling and Simulation of Biomechanical Systems
Professor for Computational Biophysics and Biorobotics

Contact

+49 711 685 60484
+49 711 685 50484
Email

Nobelstraße 15
70569 Stuttgart
Deutschland
Room: 00.064

Office Hours

Tuesday: 10:00 am - 11:00 am

Publications

Publications:

2026
1. P. Lerge, L. V. Nölle, S. Schmitt, and O. V. Martynenko, “Definition of the neutral body posture through three-dimensional local Cardan joint angles,” Acta Astronautica, vol. 244, pp. 323–334, Jul. 2026, doi: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2026.02.016.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{LergeEtAl2026_Definition, author = {Lerge, Patrick and Nölle, Lennart V. and Schmitt, Syn and Martynenko, Oleksandr V.}, doi = {10.1016/j.actaastro.2026.02.016}, issn = {0094-5765}, journal = {Acta Astronautica}, month = {07}, pages = {323--334}, publisher = {Elsevier BV}, title = {Definition of the neutral body posture through three-dimensional local Cardan joint angles}, volume = 244, year = 2026 }
2025
1. N. Badie, F. Al-Hafez, P. Schumacher, D. F. Haeufle, J. Peters, and S. Schmitt, “Bioinspired morphology and task curricula for learning locomotion in bipedal muscle-actuated systems,” Communications Engineering, vol. 4, Art. no. 1, 2025, doi: 10.1038/s44172-025-00443-0.
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  @article{badie2025bioinspired, author = {Badie, Nadine and Al-Hafez, Firas and Schumacher, Pierre and Haeufle, Daniel FB and Peters, Jan and Schmitt, Syn}, doi = {10.1038/s44172-025-00443-0}, journal = {Communications Engineering}, number = 1, pages = {1--11}, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group}, title = {Bioinspired morphology and task curricula for learning locomotion in bipedal muscle-actuated systems}, volume = 4, year = 2025 }
2. Z. Hu, G. Zhang, Z. Yin, D. Haeufle, S. Schmitt, and A. Bulling, “HaHeAE: Learning Generalisable Joint Representations of Human Hand and Head Movements in Extended Reality,” IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 2025.
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  @article{hu25haheae, author = {Hu, Zhiming and Zhang, Guanhua and Yin, Zheming and Haeufle, Daniel and Schmitt, Syn and Bulling, Andreas}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics}, title = {HaHeAE: Learning Generalisable Joint Representations of Human Hand and Head Movements in Extended Reality}, year = 2025 }
3. P. F. S. Chacon, I. Wochner, M. Hammer, J. M. Eppler, S. Kunkel, and S. Schmitt, “Closed-loop coupling of both physiological spindle model and spinal pathways for sensorimotor control of human center-out reaching,” Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, vol. Volume 19 - 2025, 2025, doi: 10.3389/fncom.2025.1575630.
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  @article{10.3389/fncom.2025.1575630, abstract = {The development of new studies that consider different structures of the hierarchical sensorimotor control system is essential to enable a more holistic understanding about movement. The incorporation of more biological proprioceptive and neuronal circuit models to muscles can turn neuromusculoskeletal systems more appropriate to investigate and elucidate motor control. Specifically, further studies that consider the closed-loop between proprioception and central nervous system may allow to better understand the yet open question about the importance of afferent feedback for sensorimotor learning and execution in the intact biological system. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the processing of spindle afferent firings by spiking neuronal network and their relevance for sensorimotor control. We integrated our previously published physiological model of the muscle spindle in a biological arm model, corresponding to a musculoskeletal system able to reproduce biological motion inside of the demoa multi-body simulation framework. We coupled this musculoskeletal system to physiologically-motivated neuronal spinal pathways, which were implemented based on literature in the NEST spiking neural network simulator, intended to perform human center-out reaching arising from spinal synaptic learning. As result, the spindle connections to the spinal neurons were strengthened for the more difficult targets (i.e. higher above placed targets) under perturbation, highlighting the importance of spindle proprioception to succeed in more difficult scenarios. Furthermore, an additionally-implemented simpler spinal network (that does not include the pathways with spindle proprioception) presented an inferior performance in the task by not being able to reach all the evaluated targets.}, author = {Chacon, Pablo Filipe Santana and Wochner, Isabell and Hammer, Maria and Eppler, Jochen Martin and Kunkel, Susanne and Schmitt, Syn}, doi = {10.3389/fncom.2025.1575630}, issn = {1662-5188}, journal = {Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience}, title = {Closed-loop coupling of both physiological spindle model and spinal pathways for sensorimotor control of human center-out reaching}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/computational-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fncom.2025.1575630}, volume = {Volume 19 - 2025}, year = 2025 }
4. A. Shagan Shomron et al., “A robotic and virtual testing platform highlighting the promise of soft wearable actuators for wrist tremor suppression,” Device, p. 100719, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.device.2025.100719.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Shagan2025a, author = {{Shagan Shomron}, Alona and Chase-Markopoulou, Christina and Walter, Johannes R. and Sellhorn-Timm, Johanna and Shao, Yitian and Nadler, Tobias and Benson, Audrey and Wochner, Isabell and Rumley, Ellen H. and Wurster, Isabel and Klocke, Philipp and Weiss, Daniel and Schmitt, Syn and Keplinger, Christoph and Haeufle, Daniel F.B.}, doi = {10.1016/j.device.2025.100719}, journal = {Device}, pages = 100719, title = {A robotic and virtual testing platform highlighting the promise of soft wearable actuators for wrist tremor suppression}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.device.2025.100719}, year = 2025 }
5. Z. Hu, D. Haeufle, S. Schmitt, and A. Bulling, “HOIGaze: Gaze Estimation During Hand-Object Interactions in Extended Reality Exploiting Eye-Hand-Head Coordination,” in Proceedings of the Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques Conference Conference Papers, in SIGGRAPH Conference Papers ’25. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, 2025. doi: 10.1145/3721238.3730692.
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  @inproceedings{10.1145/3721238.3730692, abstract = {We present HOIGaze – a novel learning-based approach for gaze estimation during hand-object interactions (HOI) in extended reality (XR). HOIGaze addresses the challenging HOI setting by building on one key insight: Eye, hand, and head movements are closely coordinated during HOIs and this coordination can be exploited to identify samples that are most useful for gaze estimator training – as such, effectively denoising the training data. This denoising approach is in stark contrast to previous gaze estimation methods that treated all training samples as equal. Specifically, we propose: 1) a novel hierarchical framework that first recognises the hand currently visually attended to and then estimates gaze direction based on the attended hand; 2) a new gaze estimator that uses cross-modal Transformers to fuse head and hand-object features extracted using a convolutional neural network and a spatio-temporal graph convolutional network; and 3) a novel eye-head coordination loss that upgrades training samples belonging to the coordinated eye-head movements. We evaluate HOIGaze on the HOT3D and Aria digital twin (ADT) datasets and show that it significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods, achieving an average improvement of 15.6\% on HOT3D and 6.0\% on ADT in mean angular error. To demonstrate the potential of our method, we further report significant performance improvements for the sample downstream task of eye-based activity recognition on ADT. Taken together, our results underline the significant information content available in eye-hand-head coordination and, as such, open up an exciting new direction for learning-based gaze estimation.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, articleno = {17}, author = {Hu, Zhiming and Haeufle, Daniel and Schmitt, Syn and Bulling, Andreas}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques Conference Conference Papers}, doi = {10.1145/3721238.3730692}, isbn = {9798400715402}, numpages = {10}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {SIGGRAPH Conference Papers '25}, title = {HOIGaze: Gaze Estimation During Hand-Object Interactions in Extended Reality Exploiting Eye-Hand-Head Coordination}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3721238.3730692}, year = 2025 }
6. P. Schumacher et al., “Emergence of natural and robust bipedal walking by learning from biologically plausible objectives,” iScience, vol. 28, Art. no. 4, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.112203.
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  @article{Schumacher2025a, author = {Schumacher, Pierre and Geijtenbeek, Thomas and Caggiano, Vittorio and Kumar, Vikash and Schmitt, Syn and Martius, Georg and Haeufle, Daniel F. B.}, doi = {10.1016/j.isci.2025.112203}, journal = {iScience}, number = 4, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {Emergence of natural and robust bipedal walking by learning from biologically plausible objectives}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.device.2025.100719}, volume = 28, year = 2025 }
7. N. S. Badie and S. Schmitt, “Code and Data for: “Bioinspired Morphology and Task Curricula for Learning Locomotion in Bipedal Muscle-Actuated Systems.”” 2025. doi: 10.18419/darus-5030.
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  @misc{badie2025bioinspired, abstract = {This repository includes the data and the code of the (soon to be published) paper: "Bioinspired Morphology and Task Curricula for Learning Locomotion in Bipedal Muscle-Actuated Systems" by Nadine Badie, Firas Al-Hafez, Pierre Schumacher, Daniel F.B. Haeufle, Jan Peters, and Syn Schmitt. Please always cite the paper in combination with this dataset as it is not self-explanatory. }, affiliation = {Badie, Nadine/University of Stuttgart, Schmitt, Syn/University of Stuttgart}, author = {Badie, Nadine Shafik and Schmitt, Syn}, doi = {10.18419/darus-5030}, howpublished = {Software}, note = {Related to: }, orcid-numbers = {Badie, Nadine/https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0631-9305, Schmitt, Syn/https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7768-8961}, title = {Code and Data for: "Bioinspired Morphology and Task Curricula for Learning Locomotion in Bipedal Muscle-Actuated Systems"}, year = 2025 }
2024
1. N. Trube, P. Lerge, L. Nölle, J. Mönnich, T. Lich, and S. Schmitt, “Development and Plausibility Assessment of an Active Human Body Model in Numerical Cyclist to Vehicle Collision Simulations based on Real-life Accident Data,” in Proceedings of the International IRCOBI Conference, Stockholm, Sweden: IRCOBI Council, Sep. 2024, pp. 519–551. [Online]. Available: https://www.ircobi.org/wordpress/downloads/irc24/pdf-files/2479.pdf
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @inproceedings{TrubeEtAl2024_Development, address = {Stockholm, Sweden}, author = {Trube, Niclas and Lerge, Patrick and N{\"o}lle, Lennart and M{\"o}nnich, J{\"o}rg and Lich, Thomas and Schmitt, Syn}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International IRCOBI Conference}, month = {09}, pages = {519--551}, publisher = {IRCOBI Council}, title = {Development and Plausibility Assessment of an Active Human Body Model in Numerical Cyclist to Vehicle Collision Simulations based on Real-life Accident Data}, url = {https://www.ircobi.org/wordpress/downloads/irc24/pdf-files/2479.pdf}, year = 2024 }
2. L. V. Nölle, I. Wochner, M. Hammer, and S. Schmitt, “Using muscle-tendon load limits to assess unphysiological musculoskeletal model deformation and Hill-type muscle parameter choice,” PloS one, vol. 19, Art. no. 11, 2024, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302949.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Nolle.2024, author = {N{\"o}lle, Lennart V. and Wochner, Isabell and Hammer, Maria and Schmitt, Syn}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0302949}, journal = {PloS one}, number = 11, pages = {e0302949}, title = {Using muscle-tendon load limits to assess unphysiological musculoskeletal model deformation and Hill-type muscle parameter choice}, volume = 19, year = 2024 }
3. Z. Hu, Z. Yin, D. Haeufle, S. Schmitt, and A. Bulling, “HOIMotion: Forecasting Human Motion During Human-Object Interactions Using Egocentric 3D Object Bounding Boxes,” IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (TVCG), pp. 1–11, 2024, [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.02633
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  @article{hu24hoimotion, abstract = {We present HOIMotion – a novel approach for human motion forecasting during human-object interactions that integrates information about past body poses and egocentric 3D object bounding boxes. Human motion forecasting is important in many augmented reality applications but most existing methods have only used past body poses to predict future motion. HOIMotion first uses an encoder-residual graph convolutional network (GCN) and multi-layer perceptrons to extract features from body poses and egocentric 3D object bounding boxes, respectively. Our method then fuses pose and object features into a novel pose-object graph and uses a residual-decoder GCN to forecast future body motion. We extensively evaluate our method on the Aria digital twin (ADT) and MoGaze datasets and show that HOIMotion consistently outperforms state-of-the-art methods by a large margin of up to 8.7% on ADT and 7.2% on MoGaze in terms of mean per joint position error. Complementing these evaluations, we report a human study (N=20) that shows that the improvements achieved by our method result in forecasted poses being perceived as both more precise and more realistic than those of existing methods. Taken together, these results reveal the significant information content available in egocentric 3D object bounding boxes for human motion forecasting and the effectiveness of our method in exploiting this information.}, archiveprefix = {arXiv}, author = {Hu, Zhiming and Yin, Zheming and Haeufle, Daniel and Schmitt, Syn and Bulling, Andreas}, eprint = {2407.02633}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (TVCG)}, note = {spotlight}, pages = {1--11}, primaryclass = {cs.CV}, title = {HOIMotion: Forecasting Human Motion During Human-Object Interactions Using Egocentric 3D Object Bounding Boxes}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.02633}, year = 2024 }
4. N. Badie and S. Schmitt, “Enhancing stance robustness and jump height in bipedal muscle-actuated systems: A bioinspired morphological development approach,” Bioinspiration & Biomimetics, 2024, doi: 10.1088/1748-3190/ad3602.
  - BibTeX
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  @article{10.1088/1748-3190/ad3602, abstract = {Recognizing humans' unmatched robustness, adaptability, and learning abilities across anthropomorphic movements compared to robots, we find inspiration in the simultaneous development of both morphology and cognition observed in humans. We utilize optimal control principles to train a muscle-actuated human model for both balance and squat jump tasks in simulation. Morphological development is introduced through abrupt transitions from a 4-year-old to a 12-year-old morphology, ultimately shifting to an adult morphology. We create two versions of the 4-year-old and 12-year-old models— one emulating human ontogenetic development and another uniformly scaling segment lengths and related parameters. Our results show that both morphological development strategies outperform the non-development path, showcasing enhanced robustness to perturbations in the balance task and increased jump height in the squat jump task. Our findings challenge existing research as they reveal that starting with initial robot designs that do not inherently facilitate learning and incorporating abrupt changes in their morphology can still lead to improved results, provided these morphological adaptations draw inspiration from biological principles.}, author = {Badie, Nadine and Schmitt, Syn}, doi = {10.1088/1748-3190/ad3602}, journal = {Bioinspiration & Biomimetics}, title = {Enhancing stance robustness and jump height in bipedal muscle-actuated systems: A bioinspired morphological development approach}, url = {http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-3190/ad3602}, year = 2024 }
5. I. Wochner et al., “ATARO: A Muscle-Driven Biorobotic Arm to Investigate Healthy and Impaired Motor Control,” Sep. 2024, pp. 358–363. doi: 10.1109/BioRob60516.2024.10719710.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @conference{wochner2024ataro, author = {Wochner, Isabell and Nadler, Tobias and Stollenmaier, Katrin and Pley, Christina and Ilg, Winfried and Wolfen, Simon and Schmitt, Syn and Häufle, Daniel}, doi = {10.1109/BioRob60516.2024.10719710}, month = {09}, pages = {358-363}, title = {ATARO: A Muscle-Driven Biorobotic Arm to Investigate Healthy and Impaired Motor Control}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/BioRob60516.2024.10719710}, year = 2024 }
6. T. Nadler, S. Wolfen, D. F. B. Häufle, and S. Schmitt, “Technical specifications and details of the muscle-driven biorobotic arm ATARO,” 2024, doi: 10.18419/DARUS-3813.
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  @article{DARUS-3813_2024, author = {Nadler, Tobias and Wolfen, Simon and Häufle, Daniel F. B. and Schmitt, Syn}, doi = {10.18419/DARUS-3813}, publisher = {DaRUS}, title = {Technical specifications and details of the muscle-driven biorobotic arm ATARO}, url = {https://doi.org/10.18419/DARUS-3813}, version = {V1}, year = 2024 }
7. M. Hammer et al., “A new method to design energy-conserving surrogate models for the coupled, nonlinear responses of intervertebral discs,” Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology, pp. 1–24, 2024, doi: 10.1007/s10237-023-01804-4.
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  @article{hammer2024a, author = {Hammer, Maria and Wenzel, Tizian and Santin, Gabriele and Meszaros-Beller, Laura and Little, Judith Paige and Haasdonk, Bernard and Schmitt, Syn}, doi = {10.1007/s10237-023-01804-4}, journal = {Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology}, pages = {1--24}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {A new method to design energy-conserving surrogate models for the coupled, nonlinear responses of intervertebral discs}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10237-023-01804-4}, year = 2024 }
8. S. Gubi-Kelm, L. May, S. Schmitt, C. Bitzigeio, R. Rick, and K. Püschel, “Interdisziplinäre Betrachtung eines Mordes, den es nicht gab - der Fall Manfred G,” Archiv für Kriminologie, vol. 253, pp. 30–75, Feb. 2024, [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378100009_Interdisziplinare_Betrachtung_eines_Mordes_den_es_nicht_gab_-_der_Fall_Manfred_G
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  @article{article, author = {Gubi-Kelm, Silvia and May, Lennart and Schmitt, Syn and Bitzigeio, Christian and Rick, Regina and Püschel, Klaus}, journal = {Archiv für Kriminologie}, month = {02}, pages = {30-75}, title = {Interdisziplinäre Betrachtung eines Mordes, den es nicht gab - der Fall Manfred G}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378100009_Interdisziplinare_Betrachtung_eines_Mordes_den_es_nicht_gab_-_der_Fall_Manfred_G}, volume = 253, year = 2024 }
9. H. Yan, Z. Hu, S. Schmitt, and A. Bulling, “GazeMoDiff: Gaze-guided Diffusion Model for Stochastic Human Motion Prediction,” in Proceedings of the 2024 Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications, 2024.
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  BibTeX
  @inproceedings{yan24gazemodiff, author = {Yan, Haodong and Hu, Zhiming and Schmitt, Syn and Bulling, Andreas}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2024 Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications}, title = {GazeMoDiff: Gaze-guided Diffusion Model for Stochastic Human Motion Prediction}, year = 2024 }
10. Z. Hu, J. Xu, S. Schmitt, and A. Bulling, “Pose2Gaze: Eye-body Coordination during Daily Activities for Gaze Prediction from Full-body Poses,” IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (TVCG), 2024.
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  @article{hu24pose2gaze, archiveprefix = {arXiv}, author = {Hu, Zhiming and Xu, Jiahui and Schmitt, Syn and Bulling, Andreas}, eprint = {2312.12042}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (TVCG)}, primaryclass = {cs.CV}, title = {Pose2Gaze: Eye-body Coordination during Daily Activities for Gaze Prediction from Full-body Poses}, year = 2024 }
11. Z. Hu, S. Schmitt, D. Haeufle, and A. Bulling, “GazeMotion: Gaze-guided Human Motion Forecasting.” 2024. [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.09885
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  @misc{hu2024gazemotiongazeguidedhumanmotion, archiveprefix = {arXiv}, author = {Hu, Zhiming and Schmitt, Syn and Haeufle, Daniel and Bulling, Andreas}, eprint = {2403.09885}, primaryclass = {cs.CV}, title = {GazeMotion: Gaze-guided Human Motion Forecasting}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.09885}, year = 2024 }
2023
1. E. Bunz, D. Haeufle, C. Remy, and S. Schmitt, “Bioinspired preactivation reflex increases robustness of walking on rough terrain,” Scientific Reports, p. 13:13219, 2023, doi: 10.1038/ s41598-023-39364-3.
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  @article{bunz_bioinspired_2023, author = {Bunz, EK and Haeufle, DFB and Remy, CD and Schmitt, S}, doi = {10.1038/ s41598-023-39364-3}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, pages = {13:13219}, title = {Bioinspired preactivation reflex increases robustness of walking on rough terrain}, url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-39364-3}, year = 2023 }
2. T. Lich, J. Mönnich, M. Voss, P. Lerge, L. V. Nölle, and S. Schmitt, “Applying AI Methods On Video Documented Car-VRU Front Crashes to Determine Generalized Vulnerable Road User Behaviors,” in Proceedings of the 27th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV), Yokohama, Japan, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www-esv.nhtsa.dot.gov/Proceedings/27/27ESV-000210.pdf
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  @inproceedings{Lich.2023, author = {Lich, Thomas and M{\"o}nnich, J{\"o}rg and Voss, Martin and Lerge, Patrick and N{\"o}lle, Lennart V. and Schmitt, Syn}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 27th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV), Yokohama, Japan}, title = {Applying AI Methods On Video Documented Car-VRU Front Crashes to Determine Generalized Vulnerable Road User Behaviors}, url = {https://www-esv.nhtsa.dot.gov/Proceedings/27/27ESV-000210.pdf}, year = 2023 }
3. F. Izzi, A. Mo, S. Schmitt, A. Badri-Spröwitz, and D. F. B. Haeufle, “Muscle prestimulation tunes velocity preflex in simulated perturbed hopping,” Scientific Reports, vol. 13, Art. no. 1, 2023, doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-31179-6.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Izzi2023a, author = {Izzi, Fabio and Mo, An and Schmitt, Syn and Badri-Spr{\"o}witz, Alexander and Haeufle, Daniel F. B.}, date-added = {2023-03-28 13:15:21 +0200}, date-modified = {2023-03-28 13:15:40 +0200}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-023-31179-6}, id = {Izzi2023}, isbn = {2045-2322}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, number = 1, pages = 4559, title = {Muscle prestimulation tunes velocity preflex in simulated perturbed hopping}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-31179-6}, volume = 13, year = 2023 }
4. I. Wochner, P. Schumacher, G. Martius, D. Büchler, S. Schmitt, and D. Haeufle, “Learning with Muscles: Benefits for Data-Efficiency and Robustness in Anthropomorphic Tasks,” in 6th Annual Conference on Robot Learning, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://openreview.net/forum?id=Xo3eOibXCQ8
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  @inproceedings{wochner2022learning, author = {Wochner, Isabell and Schumacher, Pierre and Martius, Georg and B{\"u}chler, Dieter and Schmitt, Syn and Haeufle, Daniel}, booktitle = {6th Annual Conference on Robot Learning}, title = {Learning with Muscles: Benefits for Data-Efficiency and Robustness in Anthropomorphic Tasks}, url = {https://openreview.net/forum?id=Xo3eOibXCQ8}, year = 2023 }
5. L. Meszaros-Beller, M. Hammer, J. M. Riede, P. Pivonka, J. P. Little, and S. Schmitt, “Effects of geometric individualisation of a human spine model on load sharing: neuro-musculoskeletal simulation reveals significant differences in ligament and muscle contribution,” Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology, pp. 1–26, 2023, doi: 10.1007/s10237-022-01673-3.
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  BibTeX
  @article{meszaros2023effects, author = {Meszaros-Beller, Laura and Hammer, Maria and Riede, Julia M and Pivonka, Peter and Little, J Paige and Schmitt, Syn}, doi = {10.1007/s10237-022-01673-3}, isbn = {1617-7940}, journal = {Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology}, pages = {1--26}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Effects of geometric individualisation of a human spine model on load sharing: neuro-musculoskeletal simulation reveals significant differences in ligament and muscle contribution}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10237-022-01673-3}, year = 2023 }
6. L. V. Nölle, E. H. Alfaro, O. V. Martynenko, and S. Schmitt, “An investigation of tendon strains in jersey finger injury load cases using a finite element neuromuscular human body model,” Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, vol. 11, p. 1293705, 2023, doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1293705.
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  BibTeX
  @article{Nolle.2023, author = {N{\"o}lle, Lennart V. and Alfaro, Eduardo Herrera and Martynenko, Oleksandr V. and Schmitt, Syn}, doi = {10.3389/fbioe.2023.1293705}, journal = {Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology}, pages = 1293705, title = {An investigation of tendon strains in jersey finger injury load cases using a finite element neuromuscular human body model}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1293705/full?&utm_source=Email_to_authors_&utm_medium=Email&utm_content=T1_11.5e1_author&utm_campaign=Email_publication&field=&journalName=Frontiers_in_Bioengineering_and_Biotechnology&id=1293705}, volume = 11, year = 2023 }
7. P. Schumacher et al., “Natural and Robust Walking using Reinforcement Learning without Demonstrations in High-Dimensional Musculoskeletal Models.” arXiv, 2023. doi: 10.48550/arXiv.2309.02976.
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  @misc{https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2309.02976, author = {Schumacher, P and Geijtenbeek, T and Caggiano, V and Kumar, V and Schmitt, S and Martius, G and Haeufle, DFB}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2309.02976}, publisher = {arXiv}, title = {Natural and {Robust} {Walking} using {Reinforcement} {Learning} without {Demonstrations} in {High}-{Dimensional} {Musculoskeletal} {Models}}, url = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2309.02976}, year = 2023 }
8. L. Meszaros-Beller, M. Hammer, S. Schmitt, and P. Pivonka, “Effect of neglecting passive spinal structures: a quantitative investigation using the forward-dynamics and inverse-dynamics musculoskeletal approach,” Frontiers in Physiology, vol. 14, p. 1135531, 2023, doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1135531.
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  BibTeX
  @article{meszaros2023effect, author = {Meszaros-Beller, Laura and Hammer, Maria and Schmitt, Syn and Pivonka, Peter}, doi = {10.3389/fphys.2023.1135531}, journal = {Frontiers in Physiology}, pages = 1135531, publisher = {Frontiers}, title = {Effect of neglecting passive spinal structures: a quantitative investigation using the forward-dynamics and inverse-dynamics musculoskeletal approach}, volume = 14, year = 2023 }
9. K. B. Christensen, M. Günther, S. Schmitt, and T. Siebert, “Muscle wobbling mass dynamics: eigenfrequency dependencies on activity, impact strength, and ground material,” Scientific Reports, vol. 13, p. 19575 (12pp), 2023, doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-45821-w.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Christensen2023a, author = {Christensen, K B and G{\"u}nther, M and Schmitt, S and Siebert, T}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-023-45821-w}, journal = {{Scientific Reports}}, pages = {{19575 (12pp)}}, title = {{Muscle wobbling mass dynamics: eigenfrequency dependencies on activity, impact strength, and ground material}}, volume = 13, year = 2023 }
10. P. F. Chacon, M. Hammer, I. Wochner, J. R. Walter, and S. Schmitt, “A physiologically enhanced muscle spindle model: using a Hill-type model for extrafusal fibers as template for intrafusal fibers,” Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, pp. 1–20, 2023, doi: 10.1080/10255842.2023.2293652.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{chacon2023physiologically, author = {Chacon, Pablo FS and Hammer, Maria and Wochner, Isabell and Walter, Johannes R and Schmitt, Syn}, doi = {10.1080/10255842.2023.2293652}, journal = {Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering}, pages = {1--20}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, title = {A physiologically enhanced muscle spindle model: using a Hill-type model for extrafusal fibers as template for intrafusal fibers}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38126259/}, year = 2023 }
11. O. V. Martynenko et al., “Development and verification of a physiologically motivated internal controller for the open-source extended Hill-type muscle model in LS-DYNA,” Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology, pp. 1–30, 2023, doi: 10.1007/s10237-023-01748-9.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Martynenko.2023, author = {Martynenko, Oleksandr V. and Kempter, Fabian and Kleinbach, Christian and N{\"o}lle, Lennart V. and Lerge, Patrick and Schmitt, Syn and Fehr, J{\"o}rg}, doi = {10.1007/s10237-023-01748-9}, issn = {1617-7940}, journal = {Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology}, pages = {1--30}, title = {Development and verification of a physiologically motivated internal controller for the open-source extended Hill-type muscle model in LS-DYNA}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10237-023-01748-9}, year = 2023 }
12. P. Schumacher, D. F. B. Haeufle, D. Büchler, S. Schmitt, and G. Martius, “DEP-RL: Embodied Exploration for Reinforcement Learning in Overactuated and Musculoskeletal Systems,” in Proceedings of the Eleventh InternationalConference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2023. [Online]. Available: https://iclr.cc/virtual/2023/poster/11618
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @inproceedings{Schumacher2023a, author = {Schumacher, Pierre and Haeufle, Daniel F.B. and B{\"u}chler, Dieter and Schmitt, Syn and Martius, Georg}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh InternationalConference on Learning Representations (ICLR)}, title = {DEP-RL: Embodied Exploration for Reinforcement Learning in Overactuated and Musculoskeletal Systems}, url = {https://iclr.cc/virtual/2023/poster/11618}, year = 2023 }
2022
1. S. Schmitt, “demoa-base: a biophysics simulator for muscle-driven motion,” 2022, doi: 10.18419/darus-2550.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{darus-2550_2022, author = {Schmitt, Syn}, doi = {10.18419/darus-2550}, publisher = {DaRUS}, title = {{demoa-base: a biophysics simulator for muscle-driven motion}}, url = {https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-2550}, version = {DRAFT VERSION}, year = 2022 }
2. J. R. Walter, I. Wochner, M. Jacob, K. Stollenmaier, P. Lerge, and S. Schmitt, “allmin: A Reduced Human All-Body Model,” 2022, doi: 10.18419/darus-2982.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{darus-2982_2022, author = {Walter, Johannes R. and Wochner, Isabell and Jacob, Marc and Stollenmaier, Katrin and Lerge, Patrick and Schmitt, Syn}, doi = {10.18419/darus-2982}, publisher = {DaRUS}, title = {{allmin: A Reduced Human All-Body Model}}, url = {https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-2982}, version = {V1}, year = 2022 }
3. P. Schumacher, D. Häufle, D. Büchler, S. Schmitt, and G. Martius, “DEP-RL: Embodied Exploration for Reinforcement Learning in Overactuated and Musculoskeletal Systems.” arXiv, 2022. doi: 10.48550/ARXIV.2206.00484.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @misc{https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2206.00484, author = {Schumacher, Pierre and Häufle, Daniel and Büchler, Dieter and Schmitt, Syn and Martius, Georg}, copyright = {arXiv.org perpetual, non-exclusive license}, doi = {10.48550/ARXIV.2206.00484}, publisher = {arXiv}, title = {DEP-RL: Embodied Exploration for Reinforcement Learning in Overactuated and Musculoskeletal Systems}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.00484}, year = 2022 }
4. I. Wochner, L. V. Nölle, O. V. Martynenko, and S. Schmitt, “‘Falling heads’: investigating reflexive responses to head--neck perturbations,” BioMedical Engineering OnLine, vol. 21, Art. no. 1, 2022, doi: doi: 10.1186/s12938-022-00994-9.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{wochner2022falling, author = {Wochner, Isabell and N{\"o}lle, Lennart V and Martynenko, Oleksandr V and Schmitt, Syn}, doi = {doi: 10.1186/s12938-022-00994-9}, journal = {BioMedical Engineering OnLine}, number = 1, pages = {1--23}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {‘Falling heads’: investigating reflexive responses to head--neck perturbations}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12938-022-00994-9}, volume = 21, year = 2022 }
5. M. Waldhof, I. Wochner, K. Stollenmaier, N. Parspour, and S. Schmitt, “Design and Scaling of Exoskeleton Power Units Considering Load Cycles of Humans,” Robotics, vol. 11, Art. no. 5, 2022, doi: 10.3390/robotics11050107.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Waldhof.2022, abstract = {Exoskeletons are powerful tools for aiding humans with pathological conditions, in dangerous environments or in manually exhausting tasks. Typically, they are designed for specific maximum scenarios without taking into account the diversity of tasks and the individuality of the user. To address this discrepancy, a framework was developed for personalizing an exoskeleton by scaling the components, especially the electrical machine, based on different simulated human muscle forces. The main idea was to scale a numerical arm model based on body mass and height to predict different movements representing both manual labor and daily activities. The predicted torques necessary to produce these movements were then used to generate a load/performance cycle for the power unit design. Considering these torques, main operation points of this load cycle were defined and a reference power unit was scaled and optimized. Therefore, a scalability model for an electrical machine is introduced. This individual adaptation and scaling of the power unit for different users leads to a better performance and a lighter design.}, author = {Waldhof, Marcel and Wochner, Isabell and Stollenmaier, Katrin and Parspour, Nejila and Schmitt, Syn}, doi = {10.3390/robotics11050107}, file = {robotics-11-00107:S\:\\Mitarbeiter\\01_Bibliothek\\01_Literatur\\Citavi Attachments\\robotics-11-00107.pdf:pdf}, journal = {Robotics}, number = 5, pages = 107, title = {Design and Scaling of Exoskeleton Power Units Considering Load Cycles of Humans}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics11050107}, volume = 11, year = 2022 }
6. I. Wochner and S. Schmitt, “arm26: A Human Arm Model,” 2022, doi: 10.18419/darus-2871.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{darus-2871_2022, author = {Wochner, Isabell and Schmitt, Syn}, doi = {10.18419/darus-2871}, publisher = {DaRUS}, title = {{arm26: A Human Arm Model}}, url = {https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-2871}, version = {V1}, year = 2022 }
7. M. Hammer, J. M. Riede, L. Meszaros-Beller, and S. Schmitt, “gspine: A Human Spine Model Built Using Literature Data,” 2022, doi: 10.18419/darus-2814.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{darus-2814_2022, author = {Hammer, Maria and Riede, Julia Maria and Meszaros-Beller, Laura and Schmitt, Syn}, doi = {10.18419/darus-2814}, publisher = {DaRUS}, title = {{gspine: A Human Spine Model Built Using Literature Data}}, url = {https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-2814}, version = {V1}, year = 2022 }
8. L. V. Nölle, A. Mishra, O. V. Martynenko, and S. Schmitt, “Evaluation of muscle strain injury severity in active human body models,” Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, p. 105463, 2022, doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105463.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{nolle2022evaluation, author = {N{\"o}lle, Lennart V and Mishra, Atul and Martynenko, Oleksandr V and Schmitt, Syn}, doi = {doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105463}, journal = {Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials}, pages = 105463, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {Evaluation of muscle strain injury severity in active human body models}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105463}, year = 2022 }
2021
1. K. Ghazi-Zahedi, J. Rieffel, S. Schmitt, and H. Hauser, “Editorial: Recent Trends in Morphological Computation,” Frontiers in Robotics and AI, vol. 8, p. 159, 2021, doi: 10.3389/frobt.2021.708206.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Ghazi-Zahedi2021a, author = {Ghazi-Zahedi, Keyan and Rieffel, John and Schmitt, Syn and Hauser, Helmut}, doi = {10.3389/frobt.2021.708206}, journal = {Frontiers in Robotics and AI}, pages = 159, title = {Editorial: Recent Trends in Morphological Computation}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2021.708206}, volume = 8, year = 2021 }
2. J. Walter, P. Lerge, and S. Schmitt, “Human-centred design: a comparison of ingress motion for two car concepts using a musculoskeletal, digital human body model.” 2021. doi: 10.18419/opus-11478.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @misc{walter_human-centred_2021, author = {Walter, J and Lerge, P and Schmitt, S}, doi = {10.18419/opus-11478}, title = {Human-centred design: a comparison of ingress motion for two car concepts using a musculoskeletal, digital human body model}, type = {Wissenschaftliche {Konferenz}}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.18419/opus-11478}, year = 2021 }
3. J. Walter, M. Günther, D. Haeufle, and S. Schmitt, “Correction to: A geometry- and muscle-based control architecture for synthesising biological movement,” Biological Cybernetics, Art. no. 115, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s00422-021-00869-7.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{walter_correction_2021, author = {Walter, J and Günther, M and Haeufle, DFB and Schmitt, S}, doi = {10.1007/s00422-021-00869-7}, journal = {Biological Cybernetics}, number = 115, pages = 193, title = {Correction to: {A} geometry- and muscle-based control architecture for synthesising biological movement}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00422-021-00869-7}, year = 2021 }
4. L. Gizzi et al., “Variations in Muscle Activity and Exerted Torque During Temporary Blood Flow Restriction in Healthy Individuals,” Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, vol. 9, p. 100, 2021, doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.557761.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Gizzi2021a, author = {Gizzi, Leonardo and Yavuz, Utku {\c S}. and Hillerkuss, Dominic and Geri, Tommaso and Gneiting, Elena and Domeier, Franziska and Schmitt, Syn and R{\"o}hrle, Oliver}, bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.557761}, doi = {10.3389/fbioe.2021.557761}, issn = {2296-4185}, journal = {Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology}, pages = 100, title = {Variations in Muscle Activity and Exerted Torque During Temporary Blood Flow Restriction in Healthy Individuals}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.557761}, volume = 9, year = 2021 }
5. B. Haasdonk, T. Wenzel, G. Santin, and S. Schmitt, “Biomechanical Surrogate Modelling Using Stabilized Vectorial Greedy Kernel Methods,” in Numerical Mathematics and Advanced Applications ENUMATH 2019, F. J. Vermolen and C. Vuik, Eds., Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021, pp. 499–508. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-55874-1_49.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @inproceedings{haasdonk2021biomechanical, address = {Cham}, author = {Haasdonk, Bernard and Wenzel, Tizian and Santin, Gabriele and Schmitt, Syn}, booktitle = {Numerical Mathematics and Advanced Applications ENUMATH 2019}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-55874-1_49}, editor = {Vermolen, Fred J. and Vuik, Cornelis}, isbn = {978-3-030-55874-1}, pages = {499--508}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, title = {Biomechanical Surrogate Modelling Using Stabilized Vectorial Greedy Kernel Methods}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55874-1_49}, year = 2021 }
6. O. V. Martynenko et al., “Comparison of the Head-Neck Kinematics of Different Active Human Body Models with Experimental Data,” in Proceedings of IRCOBI Conference, 2021, pp. 105–121. [Online]. Available: http://www.ircobi.org/wordpress/downloads/irc21/pdf-files/2121.pdf
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @inproceedings{Martynenko., author = {Martynenko, Oleksandr V. and Wochner, Isabell and N{\"o}lle, Lennart V. and Alfaro, Eduardo H. and Schmitt, Syn and Mayer, Christian and Mishra, Atul and Ghosh, Pronoy and Chitteti, Ravi Kiran and Weber, Jens and others}, booktitle = {Proceedings of IRCOBI Conference}, pages = {105--121}, title = {Comparison of the Head-Neck Kinematics of Different Active Human Body Models with Experimental Data}, url = {http://www.ircobi.org/wordpress/downloads/irc21/pdf-files/2121.pdf}, urldate = {13.03.2023}, year = 2021 }
7. T. Banik, L. V. Nölle, S. Schmitt, and O. V. Martynenko, “Representation of the Elderly Population with Active Human Body Models,” in Proceedings of IRCOBI Conference, 2021, pp. 534–536. [Online]. Available: http://www.ircobi.org/wordpress/downloads/irc21/pdf-files/2158.pdf
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @inproceedings{Banik.2021, author = {Banik, Tanmoy and N{\"o}lle, Lennart V. and Schmitt, Syn and Martynenko, Oleksandr V.}, booktitle = {Proceedings of IRCOBI Conference}, pages = {534--536}, title = {Representation of the Elderly Population with Active Human Body Models}, url = {http://www.ircobi.org/wordpress/downloads/irc21/pdf-files/2158.pdf}, urldate = {13.03.2023}, volume = 2021, year = 2021 }
8. K. B. Christensen, M. Günther, S. Schmitt, and T. Siebert, “Cross-bridge mechanics estimated from skeletal muscles’ work-loop responses to impacts in legged locomotion,” Scientific Reports, vol. 11, p. 23638 (12pp), 2021, doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-02819-6.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Christensen2021a, author = {Christensen, K B and G{\"u}nther, M and Schmitt, S and Siebert, T}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-02819-6}, journal = {{Scientific Reports}}, pages = {{23638 (12pp)}}, title = {Cross-bridge mechanics estimated from skeletal muscles' work-loop responses to impacts in legged locomotion}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02819-6}, volume = 11, year = 2021 }
9. J. Walter, M. Günther, D. F. B. Haeufle, and S. Schmitt, “A geometry- and muscle-based control architecture for synthesising biological movement,” Biological Cybernetics, vol. 115, Art. no. 1, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s00422-020-00856-4.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Walter2021a, author = {Walter, J and G{\"u}nther, M and Haeufle, D F B and Schmitt, S}, doi = {10.1007/s00422-020-00856-4}, journal = {{Biological Cybernetics}}, number = 1, pages = {7-37}, title = {{A geometry- and muscle-based control architecture for synthesising biological movement}}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00422-020-00856-4}, volume = 115, year = 2021 }
10. M. Günther, R. Rockenfeller, T. Weihmann, D. F. B. Haeufle, T. Götz, and S. Schmitt, “Rules of nature’s Formula Run: Muscle mechanics during late stance is the key to explaining maximum running speed,” Journal of Theoretical Biology, vol. 523, p. 110714, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110714.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Guenther2021b, author = {G{\"u}nther, M and Rockenfeller, R and Weihmann, T and Haeufle, D F B and G{\"o}tz, T and Schmitt, S}, doi = {10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110714}, journal = {{Journal of Theoretical Biology}}, pages = {{110714}}, title = {Rules of nature's Formula Run: Muscle mechanics during late stance is the key to explaining maximum running speed}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110714}, volume = 523, year = 2021 }
11. R. Rockenfeller, M. Hammer, J. M. Riede, S. Schmitt, and K. Lawonn, “Intuitive assessment of modeled lumbar spinal motion by clustering and visualization of finite helical axes,” Computers in Biology and Medicine, vol. 135, p. 104528, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104528.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Rockenfeller2021a, author = {Rockenfeller, Robert and Hammer, Maria and Riede, Julia M. and Schmitt, Syn and Lawonn, Kai}, doi = {10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104528}, if = {IF 4.5}, journal = {Computers in Biology and Medicine}, pages = 104528, title = {Intuitive assessment of modeled lumbar spinal motion by clustering and visualization of finite helical axes}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104528}, volume = 135, year = 2021 }
12. J. M. Riede, C. Holm, S. Schmitt, and D. F. B. Haeufle, “The control effort to steer self-propelled microswimmers depends on their morphology: comparing symmetric spherical versus asymmetric <i>L</i>-shaped particles,” Royal Society Open Science, vol. 8, Art. no. 9, 2021, doi: 10.1098/rsos.201839.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{doi:10.1098/rsos.201839, author = {Riede, Julia M. and Holm, Christian and Schmitt, Syn and Haeufle, Daniel F. B.}, doi = {10.1098/rsos.201839}, journal = {Royal Society Open Science}, number = 9, pages = 201839, title = {The control effort to steer self-propelled microswimmers depends on their morphology: comparing symmetric spherical versus asymmetric <i>L</i>-shaped particles}, url = {https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/abs/10.1098/rsos.201839}, volume = 8, year = 2021 }
2020
1. L. V. Nölle, S. Schmitt, and O. V. Martynenko, “Defining Injury Criteria for the Muscle-Tendon-Unit,” in Proceedings of the International IRCOBI Conference, Munich, Germany: IRCOBI Council, 2020, pp. 811–813. [Online]. Available: http://www.ircobi.org/wordpress/downloads/irc20/pdf-files/89.pdf
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @inproceedings{Nolle.2020, address = {Munich, Germany}, author = {N{\"o}lle, Lennart V. and Schmitt, Syn and Martynenko, Oleksandr V.}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International IRCOBI Conference}, pages = {811--813}, publisher = {{IRCOBI Council}}, title = {Defining Injury Criteria for the Muscle-Tendon-Unit}, url = {http://www.ircobi.org/wordpress/downloads/irc20/pdf-files/89.pdf}, year = 2020 }
2. D. F. B. Haeufle et al., “Energy Expenditure of Dynamic Submaximal Human Plantarflexion Movements: Model Prediction and Validation by in-vivo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy,” Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, vol. 8, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00622.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Haeufle_2020, author = {Haeufle, Daniel F. B. and Siegel, Johannes and Hochstein, Stefan and Gussew, Alexander and Schmitt, Syn and Siebert, Tobias and Rzanny, Reinhard and Reichenbach, Jürgen R. and Stutzig, Norman}, doi = {10.3389/fbioe.2020.00622}, journal = {Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology}, month = {06}, publisher = {Frontiers Media {SA}}, title = {Energy Expenditure of Dynamic Submaximal Human Plantarflexion Movements: Model Prediction and Validation by in-vivo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffbioe.2020.00622}, volume = 8, year = 2020 }
3. O. V. Martynenko, L. V. Nölle, and S. Schmitt, “Integration of the Open-Source Extended Hill-type Muscle Material into THUMSv5,” in Proceedings of the International IRCOBI Conference, Munich, Germany: IRCOBI Council, 2020, pp. 205–206. [Online]. Available: http://www.ircobi.org/wordpress/downloads/irc20/pdf-files/25.pdf
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @inproceedings{Martynenko.2020, address = {Munich, Germany}, author = {Martynenko, Oleksandr V. and N{\"o}lle, Lennart V. and Schmitt, Syn}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International IRCOBI Conference}, pages = {205--206}, publisher = {{IRCOBI Council}}, title = {Integration of the Open-Source Extended Hill-type Muscle Material into THUMSv5}, url = {http://www.ircobi.org/wordpress/downloads/irc20/pdf-files/25.pdf}, year = 2020 }
4. D. F. B. Haeufle, K. Stollenmaier, I. Heinrich, S. Schmitt, and K. Ghazi-Zahedi, “Morphological Computation Increases From Lower- to Higher-Level of Biological Motor Control Hierarchy,” Frontiers in Robotics and AI, vol. 7, 2020, doi: 10.3389/frobt.2020.511265.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{haeufle2020morphological, abstract = {Voluntary movements, like point-to-point or oscillatory human arm movements, are generated by the interaction of several structures. High-level neuronal circuits in the brain are responsible for planning and initiating a movement. Spinal circuits incorporate proprioceptive feedback to compensate for deviations from the desired movement. Muscle biochemistry and contraction dynamics generate movement driving forces and provide an immediate physical response to external forces, like a low-level decentralized controller. A simple central neuronal command like "initiate a movement" then recruits all these biological structures and processes leading to complex behavior, e.g., generate a stable oscillatory movement in resonance with an external spring-mass system. It has been discussed that the spinal feedback circuits, the biochemical processes, and the biomechanical muscle dynamics contribute to the movement generation, and, thus, take over some parts of the movement generation and stabilization which would otherwise have to be performed by the high-level controller. This contribution is termed morphological computation and can be quantified with information entropy-based approaches. However, it is unknown whether morphological computation actually differs between these different hierarchical levels of the control system. To investigate this, we simulated point-to-point and oscillatory human arm movements with a neuro-musculoskeletal model. We then quantify morphological computation on the different hierarchy levels. The results show that morphological computation is highest for the most central (highest) level of the modeled control hierarchy, where the movement initiation and timing are encoded. Furthermore, they show that the lowest neuronal control layer, the muscle stimulation input, exploits the morphological computation of the biochemical and biophysical muscle characteristics to generate smooth dynamic movements. This study provides evidence that the system's design in the mechanical as well as in the neurological structure can take over important contributions to control, which would otherwise need to be performed by the higher control levels.}, author = {Haeufle, Daniel F. B. and Stollenmaier, Katrin and Heinrich, Isabelle and Schmitt, Syn and Ghazi-Zahedi, Keyan}, doi = {10.3389/frobt.2020.511265}, issn = {2296-9144}, journal = {Frontiers in Robotics and AI}, publisher = {Frontiers}, title = {Morphological Computation Increases From Lower- to Higher-Level of Biological Motor Control Hierarchy}, type = {article}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frobt.2020.511265/full}, volume = 7, year = 2020 }
5. R. Rockenfeller et al., “Exhaustion of skeletal muscle fibers within seconds: incorporating phosphate kinetics into a Hill-type model,” Frontiers in Physiology, vol. 11, p. 306 (25pp), 2020, doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00306.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Rockenfeller2020a, author = {Rockenfeller, R and G{\"u}nther, M and Stutzig, N and Haeufle, D F B and Siebert, T and Schmitt, S and Leichsenring, K and B{\"o}l, M and G{\"o}tz, T}, doi = {10.3389/fphys.2020.00306}, journal = {{Frontiers in Physiology}}, pages = {{306 (25pp)}}, title = {Exhaustion of skeletal muscle fibers within seconds: incorporating phosphate kinetics into a Hill-type model}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00306}, volume = 11, year = 2020 }
6. F. Mörl, M. Günther, J. M. Riede, M. Hammer, and S. Schmitt, “Loads distributed in vivo among vertebrae, muscles, spinal ligaments, and intervertebral discs in a passively flexed lumbar spine,” Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology, vol. 19, Art. no. 6, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1007/s10237-020-01322-7.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Moerl2020a, abstract = {The load distribution among lumbar spinal structures---still an unanswered question---has been in the focus of this hybrid experimental and simulation study. First, the overall passive resistive torque-angle characteristics of healthy subjects' lumbar spines during flexion--extension cycles in the sagittal plane were determined experimentally by use of a custom-made trunk-bending machine. Second, a forward dynamic computer model of the human body that incorporates a detailed lumbar spine was used to (1) simulate the human--machine interaction in accordance with the experiments and (2) validate the modeled properties of the load-bearing structures. Third, the computer model was used to predict the load distribution in the experimental situation among the implemented lumbar spine structures: muscle--tendon units, ligaments, intervertebral discs, and facet joints. Nine female and 10 male volunteers were investigated. Lumbar kinematics were measured with a marker-based infrared device. The lumbar flexion resistance was measured by the trunk-bending machine through strain gauges on the axes of the machine's torque motors. Any lumbar muscle activity was excluded by simultaneous sEMG monitoring. A mathematical model was used to describe the nonlinear flexion characteristics. The subsequent extension branch of a flexion--extension torque--angle characteristic could be significantly distinguished from its flexion branch by the zero-torque lordosis angle shifted to lower values. A side finding was that the model values of ligament and passive muscle stiffnesses, extracted from well-established literature sources, had to be distinctly reduced in order to approach our measured overall lumbar stiffness values. Even after such parameter adjustment, the computer model still predicts too stiff lumbar spines in most cases in comparison with experimental data. A review of literature data reveals a deficient documentation of anatomical and mechanical parameters of spinal ligaments. For instance, rest lengths of ligaments---a very sensitive parameter for simulations---and cross-sectional areas turned out to be documented at best incompletely. Yet by now, our model well reproduces the literature data of measured pressure values within the lumbar disc at level L4/5. Stretch of the lumbar dorsal (passive) muscle and ligament structures as an inescapable response to flexion can fully explain the pressure values in the lumbar disc. Any further external forces like gravity, or any muscle activities, further increase the compressive load on a vertebral disc. The impact of daily or sportive movements on the loads of the spinal structures other than the disc cannot be predicted ad hoc, because, for example, the load distribution itself crucially determines the structures' current lever arms. In summary, compressive loads on the vertebral discs are not the major determinants, and very likely also not the key indicators, of the load scenario in the lumbar spine. All other structures should be considered at least equally relevant in the future. Likewise, load indicators other than disc compression are advisable to turn attention to. Further, lumbar flexion is a self-contained factor of lumbar load. It may be worthwhile, to take more consciously care of trunk flexion during daily activities, for instance, regarding long-term effects like lasting repetitive flexions or sedentary postures.}, author = {M{\"o}rl, Falk and G{\"u}nther, Michael and Riede, Julia M. and Hammer, Maria and Schmitt, Syn}, day = 01, doi = {10.1007/s10237-020-01322-7}, issn = {1617-7940}, journal = {Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology}, month = {12}, number = 6, pages = {2015-2047}, title = {{Loads distributed in vivo among vertebrae, muscles, spinal ligaments, and intervertebral discs in a passively flexed lumbar spine}}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10237-020-01322-7}, volume = 19, year = 2020 }
7. D. F. Haeufle, I. Wochner, D. Holzmüller, D. Driess, M. Günther, and S. Schmitt, “Muscles reduce neuronal information load: quantification of control effort in biological vs robotic pointing and walking,” Frontiers in Robotics and AI, vol. 7, p. 77 (13pp), 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2020.00077.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{haeufle2020muscles, abstract = {It is hypothesized that the nonlinear muscle characteristic of biomechanical systems simplify control in the sense that the information the nervous system has to process is reduced through off-loading computation to the morphological structure. It has been proposed to quantify the required information with an information-entropy based approach, which evaluates the minimally required information to control a desired movement, i.e., control effort. The key idea is to compare the same movement but generated by different actuators, e.g., muscles and torque actuators, and determine which of the two morphologies requires less information to generate the same movement. In this work, for the first time, we apply this measure to numerical simulations of more complex human movements: point-to-point arm movements and walking. These models consider up to 24 control signals rendering the brute force approach of the previous implementation to search for the minimally required information futile. We therefore propose a novel algorithm based on the pattern search approach specifically designed to solve this constraint optimization problem. We apply this algorithm to numerical models, which include Hill-type muscle-tendon actuation as well as ideal torque sources acting directly on the joints. The controller for the point-to-point movements was obtained by deep reinforcement learning for muscle and torque actuators. Walking was controlled by proprioceptive neural feedback in the muscular system and a PD controller in the torque model. Results show that the neuromuscular models consistently require less information to successfully generate the movement than the torque-driven counterparts. These findings were consistent for all investigated controllers in our experiments, implying that this is a system property, not a controller property. The proposed algorithm to determine the control effort is more efficient than other standard optimization techniques and provided as open source.}, author = {Haeufle, Daniel FB and Wochner, Isabell and Holzm{\"u}ller, David and Driess, Danny and G{\"u}nther, Michael and Schmitt, Syn}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2020.00077}, journal = {Frontiers in Robotics and AI}, pages = {77 (13pp)}, publisher = {Frontiers}, title = {{Muscles reduce neuronal information load: quantification of control effort in biological vs robotic pointing and walking}}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frobt.2020.00077/full}, volume = 7, year = 2020 }
8. M. Günther, D. F. B. Haeufle, and S. Schmitt, “Corrigendum to “The basic mechanical structure of the skeletal muscle machinery: One model for linking microscopic and macroscopic scales” Journal of Theoretical Biology 456 (2018) 137–167,” Journal of Theoretical Biology, vol. 488, p. 110143, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.110143.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Guenther2018corr, author = {Günther, Michael and Haeufle, Daniel F.B. and Schmitt, Syn}, doi = {10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.110143}, journal = {Journal of Theoretical Biology}, month = {03}, pages = 110143, publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}, title = {{Corrigendum to {\textquotedblleft}The basic mechanical structure of the skeletal muscle machinery: One model for linking microscopic and macroscopic scales{\textquotedblright} [Journal of Theoretical Biology 456 (2018) 137{\textendash}167]}}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jtbi.2019.110143}, volume = 488, year = 2020 }
9. S. Brändle, S. Schmitt, and M. A. Müller, “A systems-theoretic analysis of low-level human motor control: application to a single-joint arm model.,” J Math Biol, vol. 80, Art. no. 4, 2020, doi: 10.1007/s00285-019-01455-z.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{cite-key, author = {Br{\"a}ndle, Stefanie and Schmitt, Syn and M{\"u}ller, Matthias A}, doi = {10.1007/s00285-019-01455-z}, journal = {J Math Biol}, jt = {Journal of mathematical biology}, number = 4, pages = {1139--1158}, title = {A systems-theoretic analysis of low-level human motor control: application to a single-joint arm model.}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00285-019-01455-z}, volume = 80, year = 2020 }
10. I. Wochner, D. Driess, H. Zimmermann, D. F. Haeufle, M. Toussaint, and S. Schmitt, “Optimality principles in human point-to-manifold reaching accounting for muscle dynamics,” Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, vol. 14, p. 38, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fncom.2020.00038.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{wochner2020optimality, abstract = {Human arm movements are highly stereotypical under a large variety of experimental conditions. This is striking due to the high redundancy of the human musculoskeletal system, which in principle allows many possible trajectories toward a goal. Many researchers hypothesize that through evolution, learning, and adaption, the human system has developed optimal control strategies to select between these possibilities. Various optimality principles were proposed in the literature that reproduce human-like trajectories in certain conditions. However, these studies often focus on a single cost function and use simple torque-driven models of motion generation, which are not consistent with human muscle-actuated motion. The underlying structure of our human system, with the use of muscle dynamics in interaction with the control principles, might have a significant influence on what optimality principles best model human motion. To investigate this hypothesis, we consider a point-to-manifold reaching task that leaves the target underdetermined. Given hypothesized motion objectives, the control input is generated using Bayesian optimization, which is a machine learning based method that trades-off exploitation and exploration. Using numerical simulations with Hill-type muscles, we show that a combination of optimality principles best predicts human point-to-manifold reaching when accounting for the muscle dynamics.}, author = {Wochner, Isabell and Driess, Danny and Zimmermann, Heiko and Haeufle, Daniel FB and Toussaint, Marc and Schmitt, Syn}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fncom.2020.00038}, journal = {Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience}, pages = 38, publisher = {Frontiers}, title = {Optimality principles in human point-to-manifold reaching accounting for muscle dynamics}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncom.2020.00038/full}, volume = 14, year = 2020 }
11. P. Lerge, S. Schmitt, and O. V. Martynenko, “Simulation of Pedestrian Kinematics before Impact with a Vehicle using an Active Pedestrian Human Body Model,” in Proceedings of the International IRCOBI Conference, Munich, Germany: IRCOBI Council, Sep. 2020, pp. 210–212. [Online]. Available: http://www.ircobi.org/wordpress/downloads/irc20/pdf-files/27.pdf
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @inproceedings{LergeEtAl2020_Simulation, address = {Munich, Germany}, author = {Lerge, Patrick and Schmitt, Syn and Martynenko, Oleksandr V.}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International IRCOBI Conference}, month = {09}, pages = {210--212}, publisher = {IRCOBI Council}, title = {Simulation of Pedestrian Kinematics before Impact with a Vehicle using an Active Pedestrian Human Body Model}, url = {http://www.ircobi.org/wordpress/downloads/irc20/pdf-files/27.pdf}, year = 2020 }
2019
1. S. Schmitt, M. Günther, and D. F. B. Haeufle, “The dynamics of the skeletal muscle: a systems biophysics perspective on muscle modeling with the focus on Hill-type muscle models,” GAMM--Mitteilungen, vol. 58, p. e201900013, 2019, doi: 10.1002/gamm.201900013.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Schmitt2019a, author = {Schmitt, S and G{\"u}nther, M and Haeufle, D F B}, doi = {10.1002/gamm.201900013}, journal = {{GAMM--Mitteilungen}}, pages = {{e201900013}}, title = {{The dynamics of the skeletal muscle: a systems biophysics perspective on muscle modeling with the focus on Hill-type muscle models}}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/gamm.201900013}, volume = 58, year = 2019 }
2. M. Hammer, M. Günther, D. F. B. Haeufle, and S. Schmitt, “Tailoring anatomical muscle paths: a sheath-like solution for muscle routing in musculo-skeletal computer models,” Mathematical Biosciences, vol. 311, pp. 68–81, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.mbs.2019.02.004.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Hammer2019a, author = {Hammer, M and G{\"u}nther, M and Haeufle, D F B and Schmitt, S}, doi = {10.1016/j.mbs.2019.02.004}, journal = {{Mathematical Biosciences}}, pages = {68-81}, title = {Tailoring anatomical muscle paths: a sheath-like solution for muscle routing in musculo-skeletal computer models}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mbs.2019.02.004}, volume = 311, year = 2019 }
3. D. Driess, S. Schmitt, and M. Toussaint, “Active Inverse Model Learning with Error and Reachable Set Estimates,” in Proc. of the IEEE Int. Conf. on Intelligent Robotsand Systems (IROS), 2019. doi: 10.1109/IROS40897.2019.8967858.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @inproceedings{19-driess-IROS, author = {Driess, Danny and Schmitt, Syn and Toussaint, Marc}, booktitle = {Proc{.} of the IEEE Int{.} Conf{.} on Intelligent Robotsand Systems (IROS)}, doi = {10.1109/IROS40897.2019.8967858}, title = {Active Inverse Model Learning with Error and Reachable Set Estimates}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS40897.2019.8967858}, year = 2019, youtube = {3ks0sMa3BgM} }
2018
1. D. F. Haeufle, B. Schmortte, H. Geyer, R. Müller, and S. Schmitt, “The benefit of combining neuronal feedback and feed-forward control for robustness in step down perturbations of simulated human walking depends on the muscle function,” Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, vol. 12, p. 80, 2018, [Online]. Available: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncom.2018.00080/full
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{haeufle2018benefit, author = {Haeufle, Daniel FB and Schmortte, Birgit and Geyer, Hartmut and M{\"u}ller, Roy and Schmitt, Syn}, journal = {Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience}, pages = 80, publisher = {Frontiers}, title = {The benefit of combining neuronal feedback and feed-forward control for robustness in step down perturbations of simulated human walking depends on the muscle function}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncom.2018.00080/full}, volume = 12, year = 2018 }
2. S. Wolfen, J. Walter, M. Günther, D. F. B. Haeufle, and S. Schmitt, “Bioinspired pneumatic muscle spring units mimicking the human motion apparatus: benefits for passive motion range and joint stiffness variation in antagonistic setups,” in 25th International Conference on Mechatronics and Machine Vision in Practice (M2VIP), Stuttgart, 2018, p. 6pp. doi: 10.1109/M2VIP.2018.8600913.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @inproceedings{Wolfen2018a, address = {{Stuttgart}}, author = {Wolfen, S and Walter, J and G{\"u}nther, M and Haeufle, D F B and Schmitt, S}, booktitle = {{25th International Conference on Mechatronics and Machine Vision in Practice (M2VIP)}}, doi = {10.1109/M2VIP.2018.8600913}, pages = {{(6pp)}}, title = {Bioinspired pneumatic muscle spring units mimicking the human motion apparatus: benefits for passive motion range and joint stiffness variation in antagonistic setups}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/M2VIP.2018.8600913}, year = 2018 }
3. D. Suissa, M. Günther, A. Shapiro, I. Melzer, and S. Schmitt, “On laterally perturbed human stance: experiment, model, and control,” Applied Bionics and Biomechanics, p. 4767624 (20pp), 2018, doi: 10.1155/2018/4767624.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Suissa2018a, author = {Suissa, D and G{\"u}nther, M and Shapiro, A and Melzer, I and Schmitt, S}, doi = {10.1155/2018/4767624}, journal = {{Applied Bionics and Biomechanics}}, pages = {{4767624 (20pp)}}, title = {{On laterally perturbed human stance: experiment, model, and control}}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4767624}, volume = {{}}, year = 2018 }
4. M. Günther, D. F. B. Haeufle, and S. Schmitt, “The basic mechanical structure of the skeletal muscle machinery: One model for linking microscopic and macroscopic scales,” Journal of Theoretical Biology, vol. 456, pp. 137–167, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.07.023.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Guenther2018a, author = {G{\"u}nther, M and Haeufle, D F B and Schmitt, S}, doi = {10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.07.023}, journal = {{Journal of Theoretical Biology}}, pages = {137-167}, title = {{The basic mechanical structure of the skeletal muscle machinery: One model for linking microscopic and macroscopic scales}}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.07.023}, volume = 456, year = 2018 }
5. D. Driess et al., “Learning to Control Redundant Musculoskeletal Systems with Neural Networks and SQP: Exploiting Muscle Properties,” in Proc. of the International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2018. doi: 10.1109/ICRA.2018.8463160.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @inproceedings{Driess2018a, author = {Driess, Danny and Zimmermann, Heiko and Wolfen, Simon and Suissa, Dan and Haeufle, Daniel and Hennes, Daniel and Toussaint, Marc and Schmitt, Syn}, booktitle = {Proc. of the International Conference on Robotics and Automation}, doi = {10.1109/ICRA.2018.8463160}, title = {Learning to Control Redundant Musculoskeletal Systems with Neural Networks and {SQP}: Exploiting Muscle Properties}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRA.2018.8463160}, year = 2018, youtube = {ODFvqBWOtec} }
2017
1. U. Lindemann, M. Schwenk, S. Schmitt, M. Weyrich, W. Schlicht, and C. Becker, “Effect of uphill and downhill walking on walking performance in geriatric patients using a wheeled walker,” Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie, vol. 50, Art. no. 6, 2017, doi: 10.1007/s00391-016-1156-4.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{lindemann2017effect, __markedentry = {[syn:6]}, author = {Lindemann, Ulrich and Schwenk, Michael and Schmitt, Syn and Weyrich, Michael and Schlicht, Wolfgang and Becker, Clemens}, doi = {10.1007/s00391-016-1156-4}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Gerontologie und Geriatrie}, number = 6, pages = {483--487}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Effect of uphill and downhill walking on walking performance in geriatric patients using a wheeled walker}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00391-016-1156-4}, volume = 50, year = 2017 }
2. O. Röhrle, M. Sprenger, and S. Schmitt, “A two-muscle, continuum-mechanical forward simulation of the upper limb,” Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology, vol. 16, Art. no. 3, Jun. 2017, doi: 10.1007/s10237-016-0850-x.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Roehrle2017a, abstract = {By following the common definition of forward-dynamics simulations, i.e. predicting movement based on (neural) muscle activity, this work describes, for the first time, a forward-dynamics simulation framework of a musculoskeletal system, in which all components are represented as continuous, three-dimensional, volumetric objects. Within this framework, the mechanical behaviour of the entire muscle--tendon complex is modelled as a nonlinear hyperelastic material undergoing finite deformations. The feasibility and the full potential of the proposed forward-dynamics simulation framework is demonstrated on a two-muscle, three-dimensional, continuum-mechanical model of the upper limb. The musculoskeletal model consists of three bones, i.e. humerus, ulna, and radius, an one-degree-of-freedom elbow joint, and an antagonistic muscle pair, i.e. the biceps and triceps brachii, and takes into consideration the contact between the skeletal muscles and the humerus. Numerical studies have shown that the proposed upper limb model is capable of predicting realistic moment arms and muscle forces for the entire range of activation and motion. Within the limitations of the model, the presented simulations provide, for the first time, insights into existing contact forces and their influence on the muscle fibre stretch. Based on the presented simulations, the overall change in fibre stretch is typically less than 3{\%}, despite the fact that the contact forces reach up to 71{\%} of the exerted muscle force. Movement-predicting simulations are achieved by minimising a nonlinear moment equilibrium equation. Based on the forward-dynamics simulation approach, an iterative solution procedures for position-driven (inverse dynamics) and force-driven scenarios have been proposed accordingly. Applying these methodologies to time-dependent scenarios demonstrates that the proposed methods can be linked to state-of-the-art control algorithms predicting time-dependent muscle activation levels based on principles of forward dynamics.}, author = {R{\"o}hrle, O. and Sprenger, M. and Schmitt, S.}, day = 01, doi = {10.1007/s10237-016-0850-x}, issn = {1617-7940}, journal = {Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology}, month = {06}, number = 3, pages = {743--762}, title = {A two-muscle, continuum-mechanical forward simulation of the upper limb}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10237-016-0850-x}, volume = 16, year = 2017 }
3. A. Bayer, S. Schmitt, M. Günther, and D. F. B. Haeufle, “The influence of biophysical muscle properties on simulating fast human arm movements,” Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, vol. 20, Art. no. 8, 2017, doi: 10.1080/10255842.2017.1293663.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Bayer2017a, author = {Bayer, A and Schmitt, S and G{\"u}nther, M and Haeufle, D F B}, doi = {10.1080/10255842.2017.1293663}, journal = {{Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering}}, number = 8, pages = {803-821}, title = {{The influence of biophysical muscle properties on simulating fast human arm movements}}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10255842.2017.1293663}, volume = 20, year = 2017 }
4. K. B. Christensen, M. Günther, S. Schmitt, and T. Siebert, “Strain in shock-loaded skeletal muscle and the time scale of muscular wobbling mass dynamics,” Scientific Reports, vol. 7, p. 13266 (11pp), 2017, doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-13630-7.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Christensen2017a, author = {Christensen, K B and G{\"u}nther, M and Schmitt, S and Siebert, T}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-017-13630-7}, journal = {{Scientific Reports}}, pages = {{13266 (11pp)}}, title = {{Strain in shock-loaded skeletal muscle and the time scale of muscular wobbling mass dynamics}}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13630-7}, volume = 7, year = 2017 }
5. N. Brown et al., “Weekly Time Course of Neuro-Muscular Adaptation to Intensive Strength Training,” Frontiers in Physiology, vol. 8, p. 329, 2017, doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00329.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Brown2017a, author = {Brown, Niklas and Bubeck, Dieter and Haeufle, Daniel F. B. and Weickenmeier, Johannes and Kuhl, Ellen and Alt, Wilfried and Schmitt, Syn}, doi = {10.3389/fphys.2017.00329}, issn = {1664-042X}, journal = {Frontiers in Physiology}, pages = 329, title = {Weekly Time Course of Neuro-Muscular Adaptation to Intensive Strength Training}, url = {http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2017.00329}, volume = 8, year = 2017 }
6. C. Kleinbach, O. Martynenko, J. Promies, D. F. Haeufle, J. Fehr, and S. Schmitt, “Implementation and validation of the extended Hill-type muscle model with robust routing capabilities in LS-DYNA for active human body models,” Biomedical Engineering Online, vol. 16, Art. no. 1, 2017, doi: 10.1186/s12938-017-0399-7.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{kleinbach2017implementation, __markedentry = {[syn:]}, author = {Kleinbach, Christian and Martynenko, Oleksandr and Promies, Janik and Haeufle, Daniel FB and Fehr, J{\"o}rg and Schmitt, Syn}, doi = {10.1186/s12938-017-0399-7}, journal = {Biomedical Engineering Online}, number = 1, pages = 109, publisher = {BioMed Central}, title = {Implementation and validation of the extended Hill-type muscle model with robust routing capabilities in LS-DYNA for active human body models}, url = {http://doi.org/10.1186/s12938-017-0399-7}, volume = 16, year = 2017 }
7. O. Martynenko, C. Kleinbach, M. Hammer, D. F. B. Haeufle, C. Mayer, and S. Schmitt, “Advanced Hill-type Muscle model as User Defined Material in LS-DYNA with Routing Capability for Application in Active Human Body Models,” in Proceedings of the International IRCOBI Conference, Antwerp, Belgium: IRCOBI Council, Sep. 2017, pp. 679–680. [Online]. Available: http://www.ircobi.org/wordpress/downloads/irc17/pdf-files/91.pdf
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @inproceedings{MartynenkoEtAl2017_Advanced, address = {Antwerp, Belgium}, author = {Martynenko, Oleksandr and Kleinbach, Christian and Hammer, Maria and Haeufle, Daniel F. B. and Mayer, Christian and Schmitt, Syn}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International IRCOBI Conference}, month = {09}, pages = {679--680}, publisher = {IRCOBI Council}, title = {Advanced Hill-type Muscle model as User Defined Material in LS-DYNA with Routing Capability for Application in Active Human Body Models}, url = {http://www.ircobi.org/wordpress/downloads/irc17/pdf-files/91.pdf}, year = 2017 }
8. R. Rockenfeller, M. Günther, S. Schmitt, and T. Götz, “Corrigendum to ``Comparative Sensitivity Analysis of Muscle Activation Dynamics″,” Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine, vol. 2017, p. 2, 2017, doi: 10.1155/2017/6752731.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Rockenfeller2017a, author = {Rockenfeller, Robert and G{\"u}nther, Michael and Schmitt, Syn and G{\"o}tz, Thomas}, doi = {10.1155/2017/6752731}, journal = {Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine}, pages = 2, title = {{Corrigendum to ``Comparative Sensitivity Analysis of Muscle Activation Dynamics''}}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6752731}, volume = 2017, year = 2017 }
2016
1. K. Ghazi-Zahedi, D. F. Haeufle, G. Montúfar, S. Schmitt, and N. Ay, “Evaluating morphological computation in muscle and dc-motor driven models of hopping movements,” Frontiers in Robotics and AI, vol. 3, p. 42, 2016, doi: 10.3389/frobt.2016.00042/full.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{ghazizahedi2016evaluating, __markedentry = {[syn:]}, author = {Ghazi-Zahedi, Keyan and Haeufle, Daniel FB and Mont{\'u}far, Guido and Schmitt, Syn and Ay, Nihat}, doi = {10.3389/frobt.2016.00042/full}, journal = {Frontiers in Robotics and AI}, pages = 42, publisher = {Frontiers}, title = {Evaluating morphological computation in muscle and dc-motor driven models of hopping movements}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frobt.2016.00042/full}, volume = 3, year = 2016 }
2. S. Hochstein et al., “Assessment of physical activity of the human body considering the thermodynamic system,” Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, vol. 19, Art. no. 9, 2016, doi: 10.1080/10255842.2015.1076804.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Hochstein2016a, author = {Hochstein, Stefan and Rauschenberger, Philipp and Weigand, Bernhard and Siebert, Tobias and Schmitt, Syn and Schlicht, Wolfgang and Převorovská, Světlana and Maršík, František}, doi = {10.1080/10255842.2015.1076804}, eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10255842.2015.1076804}, journal = {Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering}, note = {PMID: 26296149}, number = 9, pages = {923-933}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, title = {Assessment of physical activity of the human body considering the thermodynamic system}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10255842.2015.1076804}, volume = 19, year = 2016 }
3. D. F. Haeufle, T. Bäuerle, J. Steiner, L. Bremicker, S. Schmitt, and C. Bechinger, “External control strategies for self-propelled particles: Optimizing navigational efficiency in the presence of limited resources,” Physical Review E, vol. 94, Art. no. 1, 2016, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.94.012617.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{haeufle2016external, __markedentry = {[syn:6]}, author = {Haeufle, Daniel FB and B{\"a}uerle, Tobias and Steiner, Jakob and Bremicker, Lena and Schmitt, Syn and Bechinger, Clemens}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.94.012617}, journal = {Physical Review E}, number = 1, pages = 012617, publisher = {APS}, title = {External control strategies for self-propelled particles: Optimizing navigational efficiency in the presence of limited resources}, url = {https://journals.aps.org/pre/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevE.94.012617}, volume = 94, year = 2016 }
2015
1. S. Schmitt, A. Lechler, and O. Röhrle, “Modellierung und Simulation als Werkzeug für das Design von Mensch-Maschine-Systemen,” Berlin: Springer Vieweg, 2015, pp. 178–184.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @incollection{SchmittLechlerRoehrle2015, __markedentry = {[xtl:6]}, address = {Berlin}, author = {Schmitt, S. and Lechler, A. and Röhrle, O.}, pages = {178-184}, publisher = {Springer Vieweg}, title = {Modellierung und Simulation als Werkzeug für das Design von Mensch-Maschine-Systemen}, year = 2015 }
2. T. K. Rupp, W. Ehlers, N. Karajan, M. Günther, and S. Schmitt, “A forward dynamics simulation of human lumbar spine flexion predicting the load sharing of intervertebral discs, ligaments, and muscles,” Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology, vol. 14, Art. no. 5, 2015, doi: 10.1007/s10237-015-0656-2.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Rupp2015a, author = {Rupp, T K and Ehlers, W and Karajan, N and G{\"u}nther, M and Schmitt, S}, doi = {10.1007/s10237-015-0656-2}, journal = {{Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology}}, number = 5, pages = {1081-1105}, title = {A forward dynamics simulation of human lumbar spine flexion predicting the load sharing of intervertebral discs, ligaments, and muscles}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10237-015-0656-2}, volume = 14, year = 2015 }
3. R. Rockenfeller, M. Günther, S. Schmitt, and T. Götz, “Comparative sensitivity analysis of muscle activation dynamics,” Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine, p. 585409 (16pp), 2015, doi: 10.1155/2015/585409.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Rockenfeller2015a, author = {Rockenfeller, R and G{\"u}nther, M and Schmitt, S and G{\"o}tz, T}, doi = {10.1155/2015/585409}, journal = {{Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine}}, note = {{[with Corrigendum]}}, pages = {{585409 (16pp)}}, title = {{Comparative sensitivity analysis of muscle activation dynamics}}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/585409}, volume = {{}}, year = 2015 }
4. S. Schmitt and D. Haeufle, “Mechanics and thermodynamics of biological muscle--a simple model approach,” in Soft Robotics, Springer, 2015, pp. 134–144. doi: 10.1007/978-3-662-44506-8_12.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @incollection{schmitt2015mechanics, __markedentry = {[syn:]}, author = {Schmitt, Syn and Haeufle, Daniel}, booktitle = {Soft Robotics}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-44506-8_12}, pages = {134--144}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Mechanics and thermodynamics of biological muscle--a simple model approach}, url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-44506-8_12}, year = 2015 }
2014
1. S. David, S. Schmitt, J. Utz, A. Hub, and W. Schlicht, “Navigation within buildings: Novel movement detection algorithms supporting people with visual impairments,” Research in Developmental Disabilities, vol. 35, Art. no. 9, 2014, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2014.04.032.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{David2014a, abstract = {This study aimed at finding simple algorithms to identify three different movements registered by accelerometer and to detect differences in the acceleration signals of people with and without visual impairments. The Tactile Acoustical Navigation and Information Assistant (TANIA) is construed to provide persons suffering from visual impairments support for an independent navigation indoors and outdoors. Attaining this goal, TANIA uses vertical acceleration signal extrema to assess its user's walking distance. This study investigated first the sit-to-stand movement, stumbling and walking up- and down stairs of 25 subjects with visual impairments using TANIA sensor system. The objective was to improve the user's movement detection using sensors to get valid and reliable data. In a second step of the study it was investigated if there is a difference between the above-mentioned movements in people with or without visual impairments (n=10). The acceleration signals of the subjects were compared. Three simple algorithms were found, which are able to separate the movement signals based on accelerometers of the respective daily movements. The second step analysis revealed a detectable difference in the second phase of stumbling (p=.034), where the subjects had to get back into walking forward. No differences in the other acceleration signals were found.}, author = {David, Sina and Schmitt, Syn and Utz, Julianne and Hub, Andreas and Schlicht, Wolfgang}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2014.04.032}, issn = {0891-4222}, journal = {Research in Developmental Disabilities}, number = 9, pages = {2026 - 2034}, title = {Navigation within buildings: Novel movement detection algorithms supporting people with visual impairments}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0891422214002005}, volume = 35, year = 2014 }
2. D. F. B. Haeufle, M. Günther, G. Wunner, and S. Schmitt, “Quantifying control effort of biological and technical movements: An information-entropy-based approach,” Physical Review E, vol. 89, p. 12716, 2014, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.89.012716.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Haeufle2014a, author = {Haeufle, D F B and G{\"u}nther, M and Wunner, G and Schmitt, S}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.89.012716}, journal = {{Physical Review E}}, pages = {{012716}}, title = {Quantifying control effort of biological and technical movements: An information-entropy-based approach}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.89.012716}, volume = 89, year = 2014 }
3. D. F. B. Haeufle, M. Günther, A. Bayer, and S. Schmitt, “Hill-type muscle model with serial damping and eccentric force-velocity relation,” Journal of Biomechanics, vol. 47, Art. no. 6, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.02.009.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Haeufle2014b, author = {Haeufle, D F B and G{\"u}nther, M and Bayer, A and Schmitt, S}, comment = {{Short Communication}}, doi = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.02.009}, journal = {{Journal of Biomechanics}}, number = 6, pages = {1531-1536}, privnote = {{Short Communication}}, title = {{Hill-type muscle model with serial damping and eccentric force-velocity relation}}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.02.009}, volume = 47, year = 2014 }
2013
1. N. Karajan, O. Röhrle, W. Ehlers, and S. Schmitt, “Linking continuous and discrete intervertebral disc models through homogenisation,” Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology, vol. 12, Art. no. 3, 2013.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{karajan2013linking, author = {Karajan, N and R{\"o}hrle, O and Ehlers, W and Schmitt, S}, journal = {Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology}, number = 3, pages = {453--466}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, title = {Linking continuous and discrete intervertebral disc models through homogenisation}, volume = 12, year = 2013 }
2. S. Schmitt, M. Günther, T. K. Rupp, A. Bayer, and D. F. B. Haeufle, “Theoretical Hill-type muscle and stability: numerical model and application,” Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine, p. 570878 (7pp), 2013, doi: 10.1155/2013/570878.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Schmitt2013a, author = {Schmitt, S and G{\"u}nther, M and Rupp, T K and Bayer, A and Haeufle, D F B}, doi = {10.1155/2013/570878}, journal = {{Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine}}, pages = {{570878 (7pp)}}, title = {{Theoretical Hill-type muscle and stability: numerical model and application}}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/570878}, volume = {{}}, year = 2013 }
2012
1. D. F. B. Haeufle, M. Günther, R. Blickhan, and S. Schmitt, “Proof of concept: model based bionic muscle with hyperbolic force-velocity relation,” Applied Bionics and Biomechanics, vol. 9, Art. no. 3, 2012, doi: 10.3233/ABB-2011-0052.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Haeufle2012a, author = {Haeufle, D F B and G{\"u}nther, M and Blickhan, R and Schmitt, S}, doi = {10.3233/ABB-2011-0052}, journal = {{Applied Bionics and Biomechanics}}, number = 3, pages = {267-274}, title = {{Proof of concept: model based bionic muscle with hyperbolic force-velocity relation}}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3233/ABB-2011-0052}, volume = 9, year = 2012 }
2. F. Mörl, T. Siebert, S. Schmitt, R. Blickhan, and M. Günther, “Electro-mechanical delay in Hill-type muscle models,” Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology, vol. 12, Art. no. 5, 2012, doi: 10.1142/S0219519412500856.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Moerl2012a, author = {M{\"o}rl, F and Siebert, T and Schmitt, S and Blickhan, R and G{\"u}nther, M}, doi = {10.1142/S0219519412500856}, journal = {{Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology}}, number = 5, pages = {85-102}, title = {{Electro-mechanical delay in Hill-type muscle models}}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219519412500856}, volume = 12, year = 2012 }
3. M. Günther, D. F. B. Haeufle, O. Röhrle, and S. Schmitt, “Spreading out muscle mass within a Hill-type model: A computer simulation study,” Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine, p. 848630 (13pp), 2012, doi: 10.1155/2012/848630.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Guenther2012c, author = {G{\"u}nther, M and Haeufle, D F B and R{\"o}hrle, O and Schmitt, S}, doi = {10.1155/2012/848630}, journal = {{Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine}}, pages = {{848630 (13pp)}}, title = {{Spreading out muscle mass within a Hill-type model: A computer simulation study}}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/848630}, volume = {{}}, year = 2012 }
4. D. F. B. Haeufle, M. Günther, R. Blickhan, and S. Schmitt, “Can quick release experiments reveal the muscle structure? A bionic approach,” Journal of Bionic Engineering, vol. 9, Art. no. 2, 2012, doi: 10.1016/S1672-6529(11)60115-7.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Haeufle2012b, author = {Haeufle, D F B and G{\"u}nther, M and Blickhan, R and Schmitt, S}, doi = {10.1016/S1672-6529(11)60115-7}, journal = {{Journal of Bionic Engineering}}, number = 2, pages = {211-223}, title = {{Can quick release experiments reveal the muscle structure? A bionic approach}}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/S1672-6529(11)60115-7}, volume = 9, year = 2012 }
5. S. Schmitt, D. F. B. Haeufle, R. Blickhan, and M. Günther, “Nature as an engineer: one simple concept of bio-inspired functional artificial muscle,” Bioinspiration & Biomimetics, vol. 7, Art. no. 3, 2012, doi: 10.1088/1748-3182/7/3/036022.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Schmitt2012a, author = {Schmitt, S and Haeufle, D F B and Blickhan, R and G{\"u}nther, M}, doi = {10.1088/1748-3182/7/3/036022}, journal = {{Bioinspiration \& Biomimetics}}, number = 3, pages = {{036022 (9pp)}}, title = {{Nature as an engineer: one simple concept of bio-inspired functional artificial muscle}}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-3182/7/3/036022}, volume = 7, year = 2012 }
6. D. F. B. Haeufle, M. D. Taylor, S. Schmitt, and H. Geyer, “A clutched parallel elastic actuator concept: Towards energy efficient powered legs in prosthetics and robotics,” in 2012 4th IEEE RAS EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob), Jun. 2012, pp. 1614–1619. doi: 10.1109/BioRob.2012.6290722.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @inproceedings{Haeufle2012c, author = {{Haeufle}, D. F. B. and {Taylor}, M. D. and {Schmitt}, S. and {Geyer}, H.}, booktitle = {2012 4th IEEE RAS EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob)}, doi = {10.1109/BioRob.2012.6290722}, issn = {2155-1782}, month = {06}, pages = {1614-1619}, title = {A clutched parallel elastic actuator concept: Towards energy efficient powered legs in prosthetics and robotics}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/BioRob.2012.6290722}, year = 2012 }
2011
1. T. Rupp and S. Schmitt, “Inverse dynamics of the lower extremities: novel approach considering upper and lower ankle joint axis,” Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology, p. 13 pages, 2011.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{rupp2011inverse, author = {Rupp, Tille and Schmitt, Syn}, date-added = {2010-04-09 14:23:43 +0200}, date-modified = {2011-06-12 11:42:07 +0200}, journal = {{Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology}}, pages = {13 pages}, title = {Inverse dynamics of the lower extremities: novel approach considering upper and lower ankle joint axis}, year = 2011 }
2. S. Schmitt and M. Günther, “Human leg impact: energy dissipation of wobbling masses,” Archive of Applied Mechanics, vol. 81, Art. no. 7, 2011, doi: 10.1007/s00419-010-0458-z.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Schmitt2011a, author = {Schmitt, S and G{\"u}nther, M}, doi = {10.1007/s00419-010-0458-z}, journal = {{Archive of Applied Mechanics}}, number = 7, pages = {887-897}, title = {{Human leg impact: energy dissipation of wobbling masses}}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00419-010-0458-z}, volume = 81, year = 2011 }
3. D. F. B. Haeufle, M. Günther, R. Blickhan, and S. Schmitt, “Proof of concept of an artificial muscle: theoretical model, numerical model and hardware experiment.” pp. 1–6, 2011. doi: 10.1109/ICORR.2011.5975336.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @misc{Haeufle2011a, author = {Haeufle, D F B and G{\"u}nther, M and Blickhan, R and Schmitt, S}, comment = {{(ISBN: 978-1-4244-9862-8)}}, doi = {10.1109/ICORR.2011.5975336}, howpublished = {{12. International IEEE Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR), Z{\"u}rich, Switzerland}}, pages = {1-6}, privnote = {{(ISBN: 978-1-4244-9862-8)}}, title = {Proof of concept of an artificial muscle: theoretical model, numerical model and hardware experiment}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORR.2011.5975336}, year = 2011 }
2010
1. D. F. B. Häufle, M. Günther, R. Blickhan, and S. Schmitt, “Proof of concept: model based bionic muscle with hyperbolic force-velocity relation,” in Proceedings of the first International Conference of Applied Biomechanics and Bionics, 2010, p. 7 pages.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @inproceedings{haufle2010proof, author = {H{\"a}ufle, Daniel F B and G{\"u}nther, Michael and Blickhan, Reinhard and Schmitt, Syn}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the first International Conference of Applied Biomechanics and Bionics}}, date-added = {2010-09-28 09:53:30 +0200}, date-modified = {2011-06-12 11:38:11 +0200}, pages = {7 pages}, title = {{Proof of concept: model based bionic muscle with hyperbolic force-velocity relation}}, year = 2010 }

Vita

Since 06/19	Adjunct Professor of the School of Chemistry Physics and Mechanical Engineering at Queensland University of Technology Brisbane, Australia
Since 04/19	Founding Director (jointly with Prof. O. Röhrle) of the Institute for Modelling and Simulation of Biomechanical Systems, Faculty 2: Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Germany.
Since 09/18	Faculty Member of the International Max Planck Research School for Intelligent Systems (IMPRS-IS), Stuttgart and Tübingen
Since 09/18	W3-Professor for Computational Biophysics and Biorobotics in Faculty 2: Civil and Environmental Engineering and Stuttgart Center for Simulation Science (SimTech) at the University of Stuttgart, Germany.
Since 02/16	Fellow of the Stuttgart Center for Simulation Science (SC SimTech), Stuttgart, Germany.
09/12-09/18	Assistant Professor (Juniorprofessor) for "Modelling and Simulation in Human Movement" at the Institute of Sports and Movement Sciences (inspo) of the University of Stuttgart, Germany.
07/07-09/12	Research Scientist at the Institute of Sports and Movement Science (inspo) of the University of Stuttgart, Germany
12/06	PhD in Theoretical Physics (Biophysics), University of Tübingen, Germany (Prof. H. Ruder)
01/04-06/07	Doctoral research scientist in the Biomechanics Group at the Department of Theoretical Astrophysics of University of Tübingen, Department of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine of the University Clinic Freiburg and Institute for Sports and Sports Science of the University of Freiburg, Germany.
12/03	State examination (1. Staatsexamen) in Physics and Sports Education at the University of Stuttgart
07/03	Master of Science in Physics (Diplomphysiker) at the University of Stuttgart

Talks and Outreach

The bathtub murder - that wasn't one!

Talk on Morpholgical Intelligence at MPI Intelligent Systems Summer Colloquium 2020

SimTech und die Simulation des menschlichen Körpers (YouTube Video)

SimTech and the Simulation of the Human Body (YouTube Video)

Alumni of CBB from A-Z

B: Dr. Alexandra Brauch (formerly Bayer)
Research Associate from 2009-2016, doctoral examination successfully passed in 2016

H: Prof. Daniel Häufle
Research Associate from 2009-2020

Dr. Maria Hammer
Research Associate from 2011-2025, doctoral examination successfully passed in 2024

Assistant Professor Zhiming Hu
Research Associate from 2023-2025

J: Marc Jakob
Research Associate from 2017-2019

L: Patrick Lerge
Research Associate from 2021-2024

M: Dr. Laura Meszaros-Beller
Research Associate in 2022

N: Fabian Neininger
Research Associate from 2016-2018

Dr.-Ing. Lennart Nölle
Research Associate from 2020-2024, doctoral examination successfully passed in 2024

R: Julia Riede
Research Associate from 2018-2021

Tille Rupp
Research Associate from 2009-2016

S: Mohammadhassan Samadpour
Research Associate 2024-2025

Dr.-Ing. Pablo Santana Chacon
Research Associate 2020-2025, doctoral examination successfully passed in 2025

Johannes Schnaidt
Research associate in 2020

Dr.-Ing. Simon Schwärzli (formerly Wolfen)
Research Associate from 2016-2020, doctoral examination successfully passed in 2023

Katrin Stollenmaier
Research Associate from 2020-2021

W: Dr. Johannes Walter
Research Associate from 2017-2022, doctoral examination successfully passed in 2021

Dr. Isabell Wochner
Research Associate from 2018-2023, doctoral examination successfully passed in 2023

Syn Schmitt

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